2、 The main process of wire and cable is made through three processes: drawing, twisting and coating. The more complex the model and specification, the higher the repeatability.

拉制在金属压力加工中。在外力作用下使金属强行通过模具（压轮），金属横截面积被压缩，并获得所要求的横截面积形状和尺寸的技术加工方法称为金属拉制。

Drawing is used in metal pressure machining. Under the action of external force, the metal is forced through the die (pressing wheel), the metal cross-sectional area is compressed, and the required cross-sectional area shape and size are obtained. The technical processing method is called metal drawing.

拉制工艺分：单丝拉制和绞制拉制。

Drawing process is divided into single wire drawing and twisted drawing.

绞制为了提高电线电缆的柔软度、整体度，让2根以上的单线，按着规定的方向交织在一起称为绞制。

Stranding in order to improve the flexibility and integrity of wires and cables, more than two single wires are intertwined in the specified direction, which is called stranding.

绞制工艺分：导体绞制、成缆、编织、钢丝装铠和缠绕。

Stranding process includes conductor stranding, cabling, weaving, steel wire armor and winding.

包覆根据对电线电缆不同的性能要求，采用专用的设备在导体的外面包覆不同的材料。包覆工艺分：

According to different performance requirements for wires and cables, special equipment is used to coat different materials on the outside of the conductor. Coating process points:

挤包：橡胶、塑料、铅、铝等材料。

Extrusion: rubber, plastic, lead, aluminum and other materials.

纵包：橡皮、皱纹铝带材料。

Longitudinal package: rubber, wrinkled aluminum strip material.

绕包：带状的纸带、云母带、无碱玻璃纤维带、无纺布、塑料带等，线状的棉纱、丝等纤维材料。

Wrapping: Ribbon paper tape, mica tape, alkali free glass fiber tape, non-woven fabric, plastic tape, linear cotton yarn, silk and other fiber materials.

浸涂：绝缘漆、沥青等三、塑料电线电缆制造的基本工艺流程。铜、铝单丝拉制电线电缆常用的铜、铝杆材，在常温下，利用拉丝机通过一道或数道拉伸模具的模孔，使其截面减小、长度增加、强度提高。拉丝是各电线电缆公司的首道工序，拉丝的主要工艺参数是配模技术。

Dip coating: insulating paint, asphalt, etc. III. The basic process flow of plastic wire and cable manufacturing. The common copper and aluminum rod materials for copper and aluminum single wire drawing wires and cables use the wire drawing machine to pass through one or several die holes of the drawing die at room temperature, so as to reduce the section, increase the length and improve the strength. Wire drawing is the first process of wire and cable companies, and the main process parameter of wire drawing is die matching technology.

单丝退火铜、铝单丝在加热到一定的温度下，以再结晶的方式来提高单丝的韧性、降低单丝的强度，以符合电线电缆对导电线芯的要求。退火工序关键是杜绝铜丝的氧化。导体的绞制为了提高电线电缆的柔软度，以便于敷设安装，导电线芯采取多根单丝绞合而成。从导电线芯的绞合形上，可分为规则绞合和非规则绞合。非规则绞合又分为束绞、同心复绞、特殊绞合等。

Annealed copper and aluminum monofilaments are heated to a certain temperature to improve the toughness and reduce the strength of monofilaments by recrystallization, so as to meet the requirements of wires and cables for conducting wire cores. The key of annealing process is to eliminate the oxidation of copper wire. Conductor stranding in order to improve the flexibility of wires and cables and facilitate laying and installation, the conductive wire core is twisted by multiple single wires. From the stranding shape of conductor core, it can be divided into regular stranding and irregular stranding. Irregular stranding is divided into bundle stranding, concentric compound stranding, special stranding, etc.

为了减少导线的占用面积、缩小电缆的几何尺寸，在绞合导体的同时采用紧压形式，使普通圆形变异为半圆、扇形、瓦形和紧压的圆形。此种导体主要应用在电力电缆上。

In order to reduce the occupied area of the conductor and reduce the geometric size of the cable, the compact form is adopted while stranding the conductor, so that the ordinary circle can be changed into a semicircle, fan-shaped, tile shaped and compact circle. This kind of conductor is mainly used in power cables.

绝缘挤出塑料电线电缆主要采用挤包实心型绝缘层，塑料绝缘挤出的主要技术要求：

Extruded solid insulation layer is mainly used for insulated extruded plastic wires and cables. The main technical requirements of plastic insulation extrusion are as follows:

1偏心度：挤出的绝缘厚度的偏差值是体现挤出工艺水平的重要标志，大多数的产品结构尺寸及其偏差值在标准中均有明确的规定。

1 eccentricity: the deviation value of the extruded insulation thickness is an important sign of the extrusion process level. Most product structure dimensions and their deviation values are clearly specified in the standard.

2光滑度：挤出的绝缘层表面要求光滑，不得出现表面粗糙、烧焦、杂质的不良质量问题。3致密度：挤出绝缘层的横断面要致密结实、不准有肉眼可见的针孔，杜绝有气泡的存在。

2 smoothness: the surface of the extruded insulating layer shall be smooth without poor quality problems such as surface roughness, scorching and impurities. 3 density: the cross section of the extruded insulating layer shall be dense and solid, and there shall be no needle holes visible to the naked eye, so as to eliminate the existence of bubbles.

成缆对于多芯的电缆为了保证成型度、减小电缆的外形，一般都需要将其绞合为圆形。绞合的机理与导体绞制相仿，由于绞制节径较大，大多采用无退扭方式。成缆的技术要求：一是杜绝异型绝缘线芯翻身而导致电缆的扭弯；二是防止绝缘层被划伤。

Cabling for multi-core cables, it is generally necessary to twist them into a circle in order to ensure the formability and reduce the shape of the cable. The mechanism of stranding is similar to that of conductor stranding. Because the stranding pitch diameter is large, no untwisting mode is mostly adopted. Technical requirements for cable forming: first, prevent the twisting of cable caused by turning over of special-shaped insulated core; The second is to prevent the insulating layer from being scratched.

大部分电缆在成缆的同时伴随另外两个工序的完成：一个是填充，保证成缆后电缆的圆整和稳定；一个是绑扎，保证缆芯不松散。

Most cables are completed with the completion of two other processes: one is filling to ensure the roundness and stability of cables after cable completion; One is binding to ensure that the cable core is not loose.

内护层为了保护绝缘线芯不被铠装所疙伤，需要对绝缘层进行适当的保护，内护层分：挤包内护层（隔离套）和绕包内护层（垫层）。绕包垫层代替绑扎带与成缆工序同步进行。

In order to protect the insulated wire core from being damaged by armor, the insulating layer needs to be properly protected. The inner protective layer is divided into extruded inner protective layer (isolation sleeve) and wrapped inner protective layer (cushion). Wrapping cushion instead of binding belt shall be carried out synchronously with cable forming process.

装铠敷设在地下电缆，工作中可能承受一定的正压力作用，可选择内钢带铠装结构。电缆敷设在既有正压力作用又有拉力作用的场合（如水中、垂直竖井或落差较大的土壤中），应选用具有内钢丝铠装的结构型。

The armored cable is laid underground, which may bear certain positive pressure during work. The inner steel strip armored structure can be selected. When the cable is laid under both positive pressure and tension (such as in water, vertical shaft or soil with large drop), the structural type with inner steel wire armor shall be selected.

外护套外护套是保护电线电缆的绝缘层防止环境因素侵蚀的结构部分。外护套的主要作用是提高电线电缆的机械强度、防化学腐蚀、防潮、防水浸人、阻止电缆燃烧等能力。根据对电缆的不同要求利用挤塑机直接挤包塑料护套。

Outer sheath outer sheath is a structural part to protect the insulating layer of wires and cables from environmental factors. The main function of the outer sheath is to improve the mechanical strength, chemical corrosion prevention, moisture-proof, water-proof and human immersion of wires and cables, and prevent cable combustion. According to different requirements for cables, the plastic sheath is directly extruded by extruder.

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