电缆被挖断通常是由于以下几个原因造成的：

　　Cable breakage is usually caused by the following reasons:

　　机械损伤 ：

　　Mechanical damage:

　　重物砸伤电缆。

　　Heavy objects hit the cable.

　　挖掘机在施工过程中不慎挖到电缆。

　　The excavator accidentally dug into the cable during the construction process.

　　电缆敷设时弯曲过度导致绝缘层受损。

　　Excessive bending during cable laying resulted in damage to the insulation layer.

　　装运过程中电缆受到挤压，损坏绝缘和保护层。

　　During the shipping process, the cable was compressed, resulting in damage to the insulation and protective layer.

　　直埋电缆因地层沉陷承受过大的拉力。

　　Directly buried cables bear excessive tension due to ground subsidence.

　　施工不当 ：

　　Improper construction:

　　施工方法不正确，使用的材料质量差。

　　The construction method is incorrect and the quality of the materials used is poor.

　　电缆头和中间薄弱环节发生故障。

　　The cable head and the weak link in the middle have malfunctioned.

　　电缆头施工工艺不良，导致水分侵入电缆内部。

　　Poor construction technology of cable heads leads to moisture infiltration into the interior of the cable.

　　敷设电缆时未采取足够的保护措施。

　　Insufficient protective measures were taken during cable laying.

　　绝缘受潮 ：

　　Insulation moisture:

　　电缆头施工工艺不良，水分进入电缆内部。

　　Poor construction process of cable head, moisture entering the interior of the cable.

　　电缆内护层破损，导致水分进入。

　　The inner protective layer of the cable is damaged, causing moisture to enter.

　　电缆外皮受化学腐蚀产生空洞。

　　The cable sheath is subjected to chemical corrosion, resulting in voids.

　　铅包电缆敷设在震源附近，长期震动导致疲劳龟裂。

　　Lead wrapped cables are laid near the earthquake source, and long-term vibration can cause fatigue cracking.

　　过电压 ：

　　Overvoltage:

　　大气过电压或内部过电压导致绝缘层击穿。

　　Atmospheric overvoltage or internal overvoltage causes insulation layer breakdown.

　　绝缘老化变质 ：

　　Insulation aging and deterioration:

　　电缆长期运行中散热不良或过负荷，导致绝缘材料性能劣化。

　　Poor heat dissipation or overload during long-term operation of cables can lead to deterioration of insulation material performance.

　　其他原因 ：

　　Other reasons:

　　电缆敷设位置标识不清，维护管理不当。

　　Unclear identification of cable laying locations and improper maintenance and management.

　　电缆保护措施不到位。

　　Insufficient cable protection measures.

　　材料质量不合格，如保护套管抗压强度不足。

　　The material quality is unqualified, such as insufficient compressive strength of the protective casing.

　　为了避免电缆被挖断，应采取的措施包括：

　　To avoid cable breakage, measures should be taken including:

　　架空电缆或在沿墙敷设的电缆上加遮盖，地埋电缆应有明显标识。

　　Overhead cables or cables laid along walls should be covered, and buried cables should be clearly marked.

　　提高电缆头的安装质量，确保电缆头密封性良好。

　　Improve the installation quality of cable heads and ensure good sealing of cable heads.

　　加强电缆外层的维护，定期涂刷沥青等防腐材料。

　　Strengthen the maintenance of the outer layer of the cable and regularly apply anti-corrosion materials such as asphalt.

　　安装避雷器，提高系统自动保护的科技水平。

　　Install lightning arresters to improve the technological level of automatic protection in the system.

　　定期对电缆进行预防性耐压测试，及时更换绝缘降低的电缆。

　　Regularly conduct preventive voltage withstand tests on cables and replace cables with reduced insulation in a timely manner.

　　城市建设时应有统一的线路规划，避免施工时误挖

　　There should be a unified route planning during urban construction to avoid accidental excavation during construction

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