在电缆行业，电缆的安装是十分重要的一步，在电缆安装工程里，应用比较多的就是桥架施工了，但是随着技术的发展，一种母线槽工艺也慢慢普及开来。本文山东电缆桥架公司将对电缆和母线槽做了多方面的比较，可供参考。

In the cable industry, cable installation is a very important step. In the cable installation project, the bridge construction is more widely used. However, with the development of technology, a bus bar groove technology is gradually popularized. In this paper, Shandong Cable Bridge Company will make many comparisons between cables and busbar grooves for reference.

1 普通母线槽与电缆的性能特点

1. Performance characteristics of common busbar slots and cables

所谓普通母线槽，就是通过合理、的结构，将几根导体包裹在金属外壳内，组成一个整体的具有电气连续性的输配电系统。普通母线槽一般分为密集绝缘型和空气绝缘型两种。空气绝缘型结构简单、输送电流大;密集绝缘型结构紧凑、散热能力好。它们都有过载能力强、分接方便、占用空间小等特点。

The so-called common bus bar is to wrap several conductors in a metal shell through a reasonable and safe structure to form a whole power transmission and distribution system with electrical continuity. Common busbar grooves are generally divided into dense insulation type and air insulation type. The air insulation type has simple structure, large conveying current, compact structure and good heat dissipation capacity. They all have the characteristics of strong overload capacity, convenient connection and small space occupation.

1.载流量

1. carrying capacity

低压电缆的截面积大为1000mm2，额定电流为1600A。这么大规格电缆因其体积和重量过大，很少应用于实际工程中。工程中一般常用的是400mm2及以下规格电缆，这就要求使用多根电缆来实现同时供电。而母线槽额定电流大可达6300A，其强大的载流能力是电缆根本无法比拟的。

The maximum cross-sectional area of low voltage cables is 1000mm2 and the rated current is 1600A. Such large size cable is seldom used in practical engineering because of its large volume and weight. In engineering, 400 mm2 and below specifications are commonly used, which requires the use of multiple cables to achieve simultaneous power supply. The maximum rated current of busbar can reach 6300A, and its powerful current carrying capacity is incomparable to that of cable at all.

2.过载能力

2. Overload capacity

不论电缆还是母线槽，过载能力都取决于所用绝缘材料的工作温度。母线槽绝缘材料的工作温度为105℃，现已开发出工作温度为140℃以上的辐照交联阻燃缠绕带(PER)和辐射交联聚烃热收缩管。而目前电缆所用绝缘材料的常期工作温度一般为90℃和105℃，辐照交联电缆的高工作温度为125℃。因此，母线槽的过载能力远远大于电缆。

Whether the cable or bus channel, the overload capacity depends on the working temperature of the insulating material used. The working temperature of insulating material for busbar groove is 105 C. Irradiation cross-linked flame retardant winding tape (PER) and radiation cross-linked polyhydrocarbon heat shrinkable tube have been developed. At present, the normal working temperature of insulating materials used in cables is generally 90 C and 105 C, and the maximum working temperature of irradiated cross-linked cables is 125 C. Therefore, the overload capacity of busbar slot is far greater than that of cable.

3.防火性能

3. Fire-proof performance

普通电缆的绝缘层和外护套会燃烧。即使阻燃电缆在火焰下也会燃烧，只有在火焰离开后才燃烧。耐火电缆不会燃烧，但昂贵，只有在消防报警电路系统等不准停电的场合才使用耐火电缆。而母线槽外壳是金属的，不会燃烧，即使铜排的绝缘材料发生燃烧，火苗也不会危机到母线槽外面。

The insulation and sheath of ordinary cables will burn. Even the flame-retardant cable will burn under the flame, only after the flame has left. Fire-resistant cables do not burn, but they are expensive. Fire-resistant cables are only used in situations where no power outage is allowed, such as fire alarm circuit systems. The busbar housing is metal and does not burn. Even if the insulation material of the copper bars burns, the flame will not crisis outside the busbar.

4.散热性能

4. Heat dissipation performance

电缆的绝缘和外护套 既是绝缘层，又是隔热层。因此，为了保持电缆散热，当电缆在桥架内敷设时，多允许敷设2层，其原因主要是考虑散热问题。而母线槽利用空气传导散热，并通过紧密接触的钢制外壳，把热量散发出去，因此它的散热性能比电缆优越的多。

The insulation and outer sheath of cable are both insulation layer and heat insulation layer. Therefore, in order to keep the cable heat dissipation, when the cable is laid in the bridge frame, it is allowed to lay up to two layers. The main reason is to consider the problem of heat dissipation. Bus-bar groove uses air to conduct heat dissipation, and radiates heat through steel enclosure which is closely contacted, so its heat dissipation performance is much better than that of cable.

5.运行维护

5. Operation and maintenance

母线槽的维护比较简单。母线槽日常维护时，通常是测量外壳和穿芯螺栓的温升、进线箱的接头温升等，穿芯螺栓若采用4.8级则需要定期紧固，若采用8.8级的高强螺栓则不必定期坚固。而电缆因其材料易于磨损、易老化、寿命较短等因素限制，需要定期进行检查和维护，甚更换。

The maintenance of busbar slot is relatively simple. In the routine maintenance of busbar groove, the temperature rise of shell and core-piercing bolt and the joint temperature rise of wire box are usually measured. The core-piercing bolt needs to be tightened regularly if it adopts grade 4.8, and the high-strength bolt of grade 8.8 does not need to be strengthened regularly. Cables need to be inspected and maintained regularly, or even replaced, because of their easy wear and tear, aging and short service life.

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